Executive Function Play Opportunities (EXPO) is a research-based intervention program designed to support the development of executive functions in young children with Down syndrome (aged 4–5 years).

The program uses structured, play-based activities to promote key executive processes such as working memory, inhibition, flexibility and planning. Activities are carried out at home by parents in an ecologically valid context and are supported through weekly supervision by a psychologist with expertise in intellectual disability.

The Challenge

Children with Down syndrome often experience pronounced difficulties in executive functioning — especially working memory, cognitive flexibility, and inhibition — which can impact school learning, independence, adaptive behavior, and everyday life skills.

The Innovation

EXPO transforms executive function training into enjoyable home-based activities that fit naturally into family routines. The program was designed collaboratively with families and experts, ensuring activities are accessible, playful, and adaptable to each child’s individual developmental profile.

The Impact

Pilot studies across Italy and the United States demonstrated high family engagement, improved executive functioning outcomes, stronger caregiver-child bonding, and increased independence in daily activities. Families continued using the activities even after the intervention ended — suggesting long-term behavioral impact beyond the formal program.